Мир науки

The banking collapse cried aloud for immediate action. Congress pulled itself together, and in an incredible eight hours had the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 ready for Roosevelt's pen. The new law clothed the President with power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange, and to reopen solvent banks.

"I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a New Deal for the American people", said Roosevelt in his speech accepting the Democratic nomination. That theme, which he returned to frequently during the campaign, gave a collective name to his politics — the New Deal. The series of measures that he inaugurated was a natural development from his cousin's "Square Deal" and Wilson's "New Freedom".

The eruption of Franklin D. Roosevelt into the political area in 1928 was a surprise. "F. D.R". born to a patrician Hudson River family in 1882, graduated from Groton and Harvard (where he was regarded as a playboy) and the Columbia Law School. For a few years

The stock market crash of October 1929 was a natural consequence of the greatest orgy of speculation and over-optimism. After a postwar recession (or minor depression) of 1920, security prices recovered, business readjusted. Increased investment was largely

Since the 1940s, America's composers have tended to move in very different directions. Some drawing more directly on traditional influences and popular culture have gained popularity through their scores for American musicals. Descended from earlier minstrel

Jazz emerged as blues and Dixieland musicians refined their instrumental styles. One of jazz's central features is improvisation. While the basic harmonic structure of jazz music is usually written out by musicians, other parts of jazz are created spontaneously, based

Historians give the honor of being America's first native composer to Francis Hopkinson of Philadelphia (1737-1791), a leader of the American Revolution and a close friend of George Washington, the first president. Music experts, however, credit William Billings

Any large city in the United States can provide musical choices to satisfy every taste. Performances of jazz, pop and rock bands, symphony orchestras, opera, chamber music, blues, folk, country and blue grass music, and musical theater have become a part of the daily offering at concert halls across the country.

Artistic creativity in the colonial period and the early decades of the new nation generally found expression in the production of useful, everyday implements such as simple, elegant furniture or colorful patchwork quilts. For the busy, practical-minded Americans

The growth of arts over the years has been marked by the conflict between two-strong forces of inspiration — domestic, sometimes primitive, creativity, and European sophistication. Generally, the very best American artists have been those who managed to combine both forces to create their own original forms.