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America's fine arts developed under conditions far different from those in many other countries. The United States began as a group of colonies; its settlers were drawn from many places with differing customs and traditions. All of these customs and traditions, so well

Despite enjoying a period of unsurpassed wealth and influence in the 1970s and 1980s, the American media is troubled by rising public dissatisfaction. Critics complain that journalists are unfair, irresponsible or just plain arrogant.

The 1920s also saw the birth of a new mass medium, radio. By 1928, the United States had three national radio networks — two owned by NBC (the National Broadcasting Company), one by CBS (the Columbia Broadcasting System). Though mostly listened to for entertainment, radio's instant, on-the-spot reports of dramatic events drew huge audiences throughout the 1930s and World War II.

The same developments that spurred newspaper circulation — faster printing methods, lower prices, the lure of advertising money — also marked the beginning of mass appeal for American magazines. Several types of magazines emerged. The late 1800s saw the start of opinion journals still influential a century later, including the Atlantic Monthly, the Nation and Harper's.

America's earliest media audiences were quite small. These were the colonies' upper class and community leaders — the people who could read and who could afford to buy newspapers. The first regular newspaper was the Boston News-letter, a weekly

To assure a healthy and uninhibited flow of information, the framers of the new government included press freedom among the basic human rights protected in the new nation's Bill of Rights. These first 10 Amendments to the Constitution of the United

Many women are well aware of the problem of sex discrimination. In a 1985 national survey, 57 per cent of the women sampled believe that women face discrimination in pursuing executive jobs in business or top posts in government. Fully 69 per cent believed that they would have a better chance of obtaining a mortgage or a major bank loan if they were male.

In 1984, American women achieved an unprecedented political breakthrough when Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York became the Democratic nominee for vice president of the United States. Never before-had a woman received the nomination of a major party for such high office.

"Does your mother work?" — "No, she's just a housewife". This familiar exchange reminds us of women's traditional role in American society, and it reminds us that women's work has generally been viewed as unimportant. The United States Commission on Civil

Many people — both male and female — find it difficult to conceive women as a subordinate and oppressed group. Yet, when one looks at the political structure of the United States, one has to look hard to find many women. In the 100th Congress, which took