Мир науки

From Sicily, the Allies had a wide choice of directions for their next offensive. The two army corps of Montgomery's 8th Army crossed the Strait of Messina and landed on the South of Italy on Sept. 3, 1943. But, despite the weak initial resistance they made

The Allies' greatest strategic advantage lay in the wide choice of alternative objectives and in the powers of distraction they enjoyed through their superior sea power. Hitler, while always having to guard against a cross-Channel invasion from England's

To decide what should be done after victory in North Africa, Roosevelt and Churchill, with their advisers, met at Casablanca in mid-January 1943. After long argument, it was eventually agreed that Sicily should be the next Axis area to be taken, in July. Politically,

While the US aviation was fighting in North Africa, the navy, having won the first victories in the Atlantic, was battling the Japanese on the islands of the Pacific. On July 2, 1942, the U.S Joint Chiefs of Staff ordered limited offensives in three stages to recapture the

While the USA navy was fighting in the Atlantic, their air forces first encountered German aviation over North Africa. The French territories in North Africa were the second major preoccupation of the US leaders after the threat of the failure of the efforts of

When the USA entered the war, they joined their forced with the British. As their joint navy was located in the Atlantic, the first naval operations known as "Battle for the Atlantic" took place there. During the first years of the war, the Allied navy suffered heavy

In the year following the collapse of France in June 1940 President Roosevelt's advisers, from November 1940, based their strategic plans on the "Europe first" principle: that is to say, if the United States became engaged in war simultaneously against Germany

By the end of November Roosevelt and his military advisers knew that a military attack was likely. They expected it to be against the East Indies or the Philippines. To their astonishment, on December 7 Japan directed its first blow against naval and air

When Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 touched off World War II, Roosevelt called Congress into special session to revise the Neutrality Act to allow belligerents (in reality only Great Britain and France, both on the Allied side) to purchase munitions on a

After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention.