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Категория: Английский язык
A daring attempt to stimulate a nationwide comeback was undertaken when the Emergency Congress authorized the National Recovery Administration (NRA). This ingenious scheme was by far the most complex and far-reaching effort by the New Dealers to
combine immediate relief with longrange recovery and reform. Triple-barreled, it was designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed.
Individual industries-over two hundred in all-were to work out codes of "fair competition", under which hours of labor would be reduced so that employment could be spread over more men. A ceiling was placed on the maximum hours of labor; a floor was placed under wages so as to establish minimum levels.
Labor, under the NRA, was given additional benefits. Workingmen were formally guaranteed the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own.
Industrial recovery through the NRA fair codes would at best be painful, for they called for self-denial by both management and labor. The patriotism of the people was appealed to by mass meetings and monster parades, which included 200,000 marchers on Fifth Avenue. A handsome Blue Eagle was designed as the symbol of the NRA, and merchants subscribing to a code displayed it on their windows with the slogan "We Do Our Part". Such was the enthusiasm with which the NRA was launched that for a brief period there was a marked upswing of business activity.
The same act of Congress that hatched the blue-eagled NRA also authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA), likewise intended both for industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. The agency was headed by the Secretary of the Interior, Harold L. Ickes.
